Understanding “One Nation One Election”: India’s Bold Proposal

The proposal of “One Nation, One Election” (ONOE) has become a significant topic of discussion in Indian politics, aiming to synchronize elections for the Lok Sabha, state assemblies, and local bodies. This initiative seeks to streamline the electoral process and reduce the frequency of elections, which can often lead to voter fatigue and increased costs. As India stands at a crossroads with this proposal, it is essential to understand its implications, feasibility, and potential execution.

What Is “One Nation One Election” Proposal?

The “One Nation One Election” concept advocates for conducting all elections in India simultaneously. This includes elections for the Lok Sabha (the lower house of Parliament), state assemblies, and local bodies such as municipalities and panchayats. Historically, India experienced simultaneous elections from independence in 1947 until 1967. However, political instability leading to the premature dissolution of state assemblies disrupted this cycle.

Currently, only a few states hold their elections concurrently with the Lok Sabha elections. For instance, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Sikkim conducted their elections alongside the national polls in April-June 2024. Meanwhile, other states like Maharashtra and Haryana are scheduled to hold their elections later in the year.

Historical Context

The concept of simultaneous elections is not new to India. It was practiced until 1967 when political dynamics changed drastically. The dissolution of state governments in quick succession led to a break in this practice. The idea resurfaced in recent years as a means to address the challenges posed by frequent elections and their impact on governance.

In December 2024, a report led by former President Ram Nath Kovind was submitted to the Union Cabinet, advocating for ONOE. The report garnered support from various political parties and stakeholders, highlighting its potential to transform the electoral landscape in India.

[quads id=1]

Feasibility of Implementing ONOE

Implementing “One Nation, One Election” requires significant constitutional amendments and legislative changes. The government has proposed two key bills aimed at facilitating simultaneous elections:

1. First Constitutional Amendment Bill: This bill seeks to amend Articles 83 (duration of Parliament), 85 (dissolution of Lok Sabha), 172 (duration of state legislatures), and 174 (dissolution of state legislatures). It aims to ensure that the terms of both Lok Sabha and state assemblies end on the same day.

2. Second Constitutional Amendment Bill: This bill focuses on aligning local body elections with national and state elections. It requires ratification by at least half of all states.

However, passing these bills poses challenges due to the ruling party’s shortfall in achieving a special majority in both houses of Parliament. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) currently lacks sufficient numbers in the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha to pass these amendments without opposition support.

Benefits of ONOE

Proponents of “One Nation, One Election” argue that it offers several advantages:

• Cost Efficiency: Conducting simultaneous elections can significantly reduce costs associated with deploying security forces and election officials multiple times a year. The Election Commission estimates that conducting simultaneous elections could save approximately ₹4,500 crore annually.

• Improved Governance: With fewer elections to manage, governments can focus more on policy-making and governance rather than being perpetually engaged in electioneering.

• Higher Voter Turnout: Supporters believe that synchronized elections may lead to increased voter participation by reducing confusion over multiple election dates.

• Streamlined Processes: A unified electoral process could simplify logistics for conducting elections across various levels of government.

[quads id=1]

Challenges and Opposition

Despite its potential benefits, “One Nation, One Election” faces significant opposition from various political factions:

• Federalism Concerns: Critics argue that synchronizing elections could undermine India’s federal structure by diminishing regional representation and autonomy. They fear that local issues may be overshadowed by national narratives during simultaneous polls.

• Logistical Hurdles: Implementing ONOE involves complex logistical challenges, including updating electoral rolls and ensuring adequate resources for conducting large-scale elections simultaneously.

• Political Resistance: Opposition parties have voiced concerns that this initiative is an attempt by the ruling party to consolidate power and divert attention from pressing issues ahead of upcoming elections. Leaders like Congress chief Mallikarjun Kharge have described it as an impractical idea that lacks public support.

• Economic Implications: Critics also highlight the financial burden associated with replacing electronic voting machines (EVMs) every 15 years as part of this initiative. The Election Commission has indicated that approximately ₹10,000 crore would be required for this transition.

Supreme Court On Reservations: They Can’t Be On Religion Basis

Conclusion

The “One Nation, One Election” proposal represents a bold vision for India’s electoral future. While it promises several advantages such as cost savings and improved governance efficiency, it also raises critical questions about federalism, regional representation, and logistical feasibility.

As discussions continue within Parliament regarding the proposed bills and necessary constitutional amendments, it remains uncertain whether ONOE will become a reality or remain an ambitious goal on paper. The outcome will depend on political consensus among parties across the spectrum and their willingness to adapt India’s electoral framework for a more streamlined approach.

In summary, while “One Nation One Election” could potentially reshape India’s democratic landscape by reducing election-related disruptions and costs, its successful implementation will require careful navigation through complex political and logistical challenges—an endeavor that will ultimately define India’s approach to governance in the coming years.